Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai suna nufin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da ayyukan samarwa da ake gudanarwa a cikin ma'adinai ko wuraren hakar ma'adinai.Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai sun shafi duk wani nau'i na bincike na ma'adinai, haɓakawa, hakar ma'adinai, sarrafawa, sufuri, da dai sauransu, da nufin canza ma'adinan ƙasa ko ƙasa, yashi ko ma'adanai zuwa kayan ma'adinai masu amfani.
Tsarin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai yawanci ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
Bincika: Ta hanyar ayyukan binciken ƙasa, ƙayyade yanayin yanayin ma'adinai, yin hukunci akan albarkatun ma'adinai da tanadi, da tsara tsare-tsaren ma'adinai masu ma'ana.
Pretreatment: Ciki har da ayyuka kamar binciken ƙasa, nazarin samfuri da gwaji don fahimtar yanayi da ingancin ma'adinai, da samar da mahimman bayanai da bayanai don hakar ma'adinai da sarrafawa na gaba.
Haɓaka: Dangane da sakamakon binciken, zaɓi hanyoyin haƙar ma'adinai da kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai masu dacewa, da aiwatar da ayyukan gine-gine na ma'adinai, kamar hanyoyi, ramuka, ma'adinai, magudanar ruwa, da sauransu, don shirya ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na gaba.
Ma'adinai: Dangane da shirin haɓakawa, yi amfani da kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai masu dacewa da fasaha don hakar ma'adinai da jigilar ma'adinai.Ana iya raba hanyoyin hakar ma'adinai zuwa nau'i biyu: hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa da hakar ma'adinan rami.Hanyoyi na musamman sun haɗa da
1. Aikin hakar ma'adinai na karkashin kasa yana nufin hanyar hakar ma'adinai da ake samun ma'adinan karkashin kasa ta hanyar tono ma'adanai a karkashin kasa.Ana ajiye takin ne a cikin gangus da jijiyoyi da aka tono a karkashin kasa, kuma masu hakar ma'adinan suna fitar da ma'adinan daga cikin kasa ta hanyar shiga karkashin kasa don hakowa, fashewa, ramuka da sauran ayyuka.Babban fasalin hakar ma'adinai na karkashin kasa shine cewa yana buƙatar sarrafa shi a cikin sararin samaniya, wanda ke buƙatar manyan buƙatun aminci don ma'adinai da kayan aikin da ke da alaƙa, kuma a lokaci guda yana buƙatar warware magudanar ruwa, samun iska, aminci da sauran batutuwa.
2. Tsarin saman ƙasa hanya ce ta hakar ma'adinai a saman.Wannan hanyar gabaɗaya tana aiki ne ga yanayin da ma'adinan tama ke da yawa, ana rarrabawa ko'ina, kuma gadajen ma'adinai ba su da zurfi.A tsarin shimfidar ƙasa, ma'adinin yana cikin dutse ko ƙasa a saman ƙasa, kuma aikin hakar ma'adinan yawanci shine cire takin daga dutsen ko ƙasa ta hanyar injina ko fashewa.Amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce haɓakar haƙar ma'adinai da ƙarancin farashi, amma saboda ana aiwatar da shi a saman, ana buƙatar magance matsaloli kamar aikin ƙasa da kare muhalli.
3. Fashewa a budadden rami hanya ce ta murkushewa da raba tama ta hanyar amfani da abubuwan fashewa a cikin budadden rami.Ana raba ma'adinan daga dutsen ta hanyar yin bama-bamai don hakar ma'adinai da sarrafa su na gaba.Tsarin fashewar buɗaɗɗen iska yakan ƙunshi hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa da yawa kamar zaɓar abubuwan fashewar da suka dace, tsara fuzes, sarrafa ƙarfi mai fashewa, da tabbatar da amincin fashewar fashewar.Wannan hanya tana da halaye na ingantaccen murkushe tama da fa'idodin samarwa masu kyau, amma kuma tana buƙatar ƙarfafa sa ido da matakan tsaro na tsarin fashewa don guje wa gurɓataccen muhalli da haɗarin haɗari.
Duk da cewa hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa, tsarar fage da fashe-fashe hanyoyi ne daban-daban na hakar ma'adanai guda uku, duk suna da nasu fa'ida da rashin amfani.A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, bisa ga halaye na geological, tanadi, fa'idodin tattalin arziki, kariyar muhalli da sauran abubuwan ma'adinai, an zaɓi hanyar haƙar ma'adinai mafi dacewa don cimma matsakaicin amfani da ci gaba mai dorewa na albarkatun ma'adinai.
Sarrafa: Ana yin murƙushewa, niƙa, da fa'ida akan ma'adinan da ake haƙa don fitar da karafa masu amfani, ma'adanai ko tama, cire ƙazanta, da samun samfuran ma'adinai masu inganci.
Sufuri: jigilar kayan ma'adinai da aka sarrafa zuwa masana'anta, masu amfani da ƙarshen ko fitarwa ta kayan sufuri (kamar bel na jigilar kaya, layin dogo, manyan motoci, da sauransu).
Kariyar muhalli da aminci: Ayyukan ma'adinai dole ne su bi ka'idodin kiyaye muhalli da ka'idojin aminci, ɗaukar matakan rage tasirin muhalli, da tabbatar da aminci da lafiyar ma'aikata.
Gabaɗaya, aikin ma'adinan wani tsari ne mai sarƙaƙƙiya da haɗin kai, wanda ya haɗa da ilimi da fasaha a fannoni da yawa kamar ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa, injiniyanci, injina, muhalli, da dai sauransu. Yana da nufin tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin hakar ma'adinai da sarrafa albarkatun ma'adinai da samar da samfuran ma'adinai masu mahimmanci.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-30-2023
